Roman Numerals Chart 1-1000: Rules, Converter, Examples, and Worksheets

Roman numerals are an old number system from ancient Rome.

They use letters instead of the numbers we use today. You may see Roman numerals on clocks, book chapters, movie titles, buildings, and event names.

At first, Roman numerals can look confusing. But they are not hard once you know the basic symbols and rules.

In this guide, you will learn what Roman numerals are, how to read them, how to write them, and how to convert numbers into Roman numerals. You will also find common examples like MM, XXXV, and the highest Roman numeral used in the standard system.

Roman Numeral Online Converter

What Are Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are numbers written with seven letters. Each letter has a value.

These letters can be joined together to make many numbers. For example:

Roman Numerals Chart 1 to 1000

Here is a quick Roman numerals chart.

Rules of Roman Numerals

Roman numerals follow a few simple rules.

Rule 1: Add when smaller numbers come after bigger numbers

If a smaller value comes after a bigger value, add them.

Examples:

• VI = 5 + 1 = 6
• XII = 10 + 1 + 1 = 12
• LX = 50 + 10 = 60
• MM = 1000 + 1000 = 2000

Rule 2: Subtract when a smaller number comes before a bigger number

If a smaller value comes before a bigger value, subtract it.

Examples:

• IV = 5 – 1 = 4
• IX = 10 – 1 = 9
• XL = 50 – 10 = 40
• XC = 100 – 10 = 90
• CD = 500 – 100 = 400
• CM = 1000 – 100 = 900

Rule 3: Do not repeat I, X, C, or M more than three times

You can repeat I, X, C, and M up to three times.

Examples:

• III = 3
• XXX = 30
• CCC = 300
• MMM = 3000

But you should not write IIII for 4. Write IV.

You should not write XXXX for 40. Write XL.

Rule 4: V, L, and D are not repeated

The letters V, L, and D are not repeated.

So these are not correct:

• VV
• LL
• DD

Use the correct form instead.

Examples:

• 10 = X, not VV
• 100 = C, not LL
• 1000 = M, not DD

How to Convert Numbers to Roman Numerals

To write a number as a Roman numeral, break it into parts.

Then write each part in Roman numerals.

Example: Convert 1984 into Roman numerals.

Break it down:

• 1000 = M
• 900 = CM
• 80 = LXXX
• 4 = IV

Now join them:

1984 = MCMLXXXIV

So, 1984 in Roman numerals is MCMLXXXIV.

How to Convert Roman Numerals to Numbers

To read a Roman numeral, look at each symbol from left to right.

If a symbol is followed by a smaller or equal symbol, add it.

If a symbol is followed by a larger symbol, subtract it.

Example: Convert XIV.

• X = 10
• IV = 4

So:

XIV = 10 + 4 = 14

Example: Convert MMXXVI.

• M = 1000
• M = 1000
• X = 10
• X = 10
• V = 5
• I = 1

So:

MMXXVI = 1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 2026

What Does MM Mean in Roman Numerals?

MM in Roman numerals means 2000.

Each M means 1000.

So:

MM = 1000 + 1000 = 2000

This is a common search because “roman numeral MM” appears in dates, book titles, and movie credits.

Here are more examples with M:

What Is the Highest Roman Numeral?

This question can mean two things.

If you mean the highest single Roman numeral symbol, the answer is M.

M means 1000.

If you mean the highest number normally written with standard Roman numerals, the answer is 3999.

3999 is written as:

MMMCMXCIX

Here is the breakdown:

• MMM = 3000
• CM = 900
• XC = 90
• IX = 9

So:

MMMCMXCIX = 3999

Some systems use a line above a Roman numeral to show a number multiplied by 1000. For example, V with a line above it can mean 5000.

But in most school lessons, the standard Roman numeral system goes up to 3999.

Roman Numerals 1 to 20

These are the Roman numerals students learn first.

Roman Numerals for Common Numbers

Here are some common Roman numerals.

Roman Numerals That Multiply to 35

Some students search for “roman numeral that multiply to 35.”

The better phrase is “Roman numerals that multiply to 35.”

A simple answer is V and VII.

V means 5.

VII means 7.

And:

5 × 7 = 35

So:

V × VII = XXXV

Another answer is I and XXXV.

I means 1.

XXXV means 35.

So:

1 × 35 = 35

This kind of question is also common in number puzzles and games.

Roman Numerals Practice Questions

Try these questions.

1. Write 14 in Roman numerals.
2. Write 29 in Roman numerals.
3. Write 40 in Roman numerals.
4. Write 99 in Roman numerals.
5. Write 2026 in Roman numerals.
6. What number is MM?
7. What number is XLIX?
8. What number is MCMLXXXIV?
9. What Roman numerals multiply to 35?
10. What is the highest Roman numeral in the standard system?

Answers

1. 14 = XIV
2. 29 = XXIX
3. 40 = XL
4. 99 = XCIX
5. 2026 = MMXXVI
6. MM = 2000
7. XLIX = 49
8. MCMLXXXIV = 1984
9. V and VII multiply to 35
10. The highest standard Roman numeral number is 3999, written as MMMCMXCIX

Roman Numerals Worksheet

A Roman numerals worksheet is a good way to practice.

Students can start with numbers 1 to 20. Then they can move to 1 to 100. After that, they can try larger numbers like 500, 1000, and 2026.

A useful worksheet should include:

• Roman numerals chart
• Number to Roman numeral practice
• Roman numeral to number practice
• Word problems
• Answer key

Worksheets help students remember the rules. They also help students spot common mistakes, like writing IIII instead of IV.

Common Mistakes in Roman Numerals

Here are some mistakes to avoid.

Do not write IIII for 4.

Write IV.

Do not write VIIII for 9.

Write IX.

Do not write XXXX for 40.

Write XL.

Do not write CCCC for 400.

Write CD.

Do not write DCCCC for 900.

Write CM.

These short forms are correct because Roman numerals use subtraction.

FAQs About Roman Numerals

What is MM in Roman numerals?

MM means 2000. M means 1000, so MM means 1000 + 1000.

What is the highest Roman numeral?

The highest single Roman numeral symbol is M, which means 1000. The highest standard Roman numeral number is 3999, written as MMMCMXCIX.

What Roman numerals multiply to 35?

V and VII multiply to 35. V means 5, and VII means 7. So V × VII = 35.

What is 35 in Roman numerals?

35 in Roman numerals is XXXV.

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?

2026 in Roman numerals is MMXXVI.

Why are Roman numerals still used?

Roman numerals are still used on clocks, books, movie titles, sports events, outlines, and monuments. They are also useful for learning number patterns.

Conclusion

Roman numerals are simple once you learn the main symbols.

I means 1. V means 5. X means 10. L means 50. C means 100. D means 500. M means 1000.

The most important rules are addition and subtraction. If a smaller symbol comes after a bigger one, add it. If it comes before a bigger one, subtract it.

With practice, students can read common Roman numerals like XIV, XL, MM, and XXXV quickly. They can also understand larger numbers like MMXXVI and MMMCMXCIX.

Roman Numerals Worksheet

Printable Roman Numerals Chart – Download PDF

Delvair | WuKong Math Teacher

Delvair, a graduate of the Federal University of Maranhão in Brazil, is a dedicated educator with over six years of experience in school-based mathematics instruction. She specializes in advanced math pedagogy, with a particular expertise in Math Kangaroo competition coaching. Driven by the belief that education is the bedrock of a thriving society, Delvair is committed to creating an empowering environment where every child can excel. She holds the firm conviction that with the right guidance, every student possesses the potential to master complex mathematical concepts.